Volume 05 Number 1 2020http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/91322024-03-28T08:27:49Z2024-03-28T08:27:49ZA Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Constraints and Coping Strategies among Women Farmers in Rural and Urban NigeriaTunde, A.MTilakasiri, S.Lhttp://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/91382021-01-07T07:20:10Z2020-01-01T00:00:00ZA Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Constraints and Coping Strategies among Women Farmers in Rural and Urban Nigeria
Tunde, A.M; Tilakasiri, S.L
Studies have shown that women contribute 50-60% labour to agricultural production in Nigeria. They are however, confronted with monumental constraints which hinder their performances in agricultural production. The aim of this research is to analyze rural and urban women farmers with respect to farming constraints and the coping strategies adopted by them in Kwara State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines the socio-demographic characteristics and farm activities of women; analyzes the problems facing them in their farm activities and coping strategies adopted to mitigate the constraints. A total of 400 women farmers were sampled with copies of questionnaire in Otun-Oro and Ahun. In order to explore their opinions further on the constraints faced and the coping strategies adopted by them, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were organized for them. Matrix ranking was employed to rank their problems in order of most pressing. The urban women farmers sampled in Otun-Oro ranked land tenure problem (46.4%), poor access to credit facilities (19.5%) and inadequate farm input (17.5%) among others as the most pressing problems confronting them. The rural women famers in Ahun ranked poor access to credit facilities (46.0%), lack of farm input (32.5%) and bad roads (20.0%) among others as the most pressing problems confronting their increased production. Some of the coping strategies adopted include participating in farmers’ cooperative societies with relaxed conditions, multiple cropping to diversify production, early or late planting and praying to God. Hence, an average urban woman farmer has lots of potentials that can be developed to assist in urban planning for proper agricultural development and management. Recommendations were made appropriately and these include: when taking agricultural/farming decisions, women should be part of the group and production resources should be made available especially for women farmers both at the rural and urban areas. This will enhance increased agricultural production by women.
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZKammaṭṭhānasaṅgaha of Asgiri Mahāvihāraya, Sri Lanka: A Study with Reference to the Initiative Proceedings of MeditationWijithadhamma Thero, Mhttp://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/91372021-01-07T07:17:35Z2020-01-01T00:00:00ZKammaṭṭhānasaṅgaha of Asgiri Mahāvihāraya, Sri Lanka: A Study with Reference to the Initiative Proceedings of Meditation
Wijithadhamma Thero, M
The main purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the Kammaṭṭhānasaṅgaha of Asgiri Mahavihāraya, Kandy. A content and textual analyses were used as methodologies. A manuscript titled ‘Mahāvihāra Asgirivaṃsaye Kamaṭahan Pota’ found from Medapansala of Asgiri Mahavihāraya, Kandy has been published by two bhikkhus named K. Ratanapala and G. Ratanajoti in 1938. This printed version consists of three parts i.e. ‘Vimuttimaggo’, ‘Vimuttimaggo-uddānaṃ’ and ‘Bambaragale Pota’. The first two parts have been written in Pali as a whole and the third one is a mixture of Pali and Sinhala. As the editors recorded in their long introduction, the aforesaid two Pali texts have been written by one author named Mahāriṭṭha Upatissa thera who was the first Sinhalese pupil of Arahant Mahā Mahinda. However, upon critical examination, it can be concluded that a clear, verifiable connection between these two texts as the editors understood cannot be found. It has been briefly mentioned by Venerable Balangoḍa Ananda Metteyya thera in his forward of the text. In 1972, criticizing this Sinhalese character Vimuttimagga, P.V. Bapat has also proved this claim put forward by Ven. Ānanda Metteyya thera. Therefore, it is necessary that these two texts i.e. the Vimuttimagga and Vimuttimagga-uddānaṃ be identified as two separate texts. This study proposes that Vimuttimagga-uddānaṃ i.e. collection of 1135 of verses, can be ascertained as the Kammaṭṭhānasaṅgaha of the Asgiri Mahāvihāraya.
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZSolid Waste Management Approaches in Trincomalee Urban Council AreaBalachandran, CRajasekaram, Uhttp://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/91362021-01-07T07:15:19Z2020-01-01T00:00:00ZSolid Waste Management Approaches in Trincomalee Urban Council Area
Balachandran, C; Rajasekaram, U
Solid Waste Management is one of the major challenges encountered by the urban areas of Sri Lanka. As a result of inappropriate disposal of solid waste in the open spaces; ecological, health, and socio-economic problems have arisen. No research has been undertaken regarding the solid waste management in Trincomalee Urban Council (UC) area of Sri Lanka. This research is carried out with the objectives of identifying the existing solid waste management system of Trincomalee UC area, assessing the problems and challenges in the solid waste management system, and proposing recommendations to manage solid wastes properly. Primary data were collected through direct field observation, a questionnaire survey with 200 respondents based on purposive sampling, and discussion. Secondary data were obtained from resource profiles, statistical handbooks, official websites, and published journals. Data was collected from 02.09.2019 to 02.12.2019 and analyzed through descriptive statistical method. “SPSS” software was used to analyze the questionnaires. Research revealed that the municipal solid waste generation in Trincomalee UC area has increased temporally due to population increase, expansion of commercial activities, growth of tourism and development activities. 73 tons of municipal solid waste has been generated daily, among them 54% produced from commercial centres and 38% from residential areas. 85% of the waste is degradable organic and 15% is inorganic. Unsorted solid wastes of Trincomalee UC area are disposed at Kanninya open space without any intermediate treatment activities. There is a shortage in appropriate technology, finance and cadres at Trincomalee UC to pursue the recycle activities and the participation of community is low. This situation is the root for the variety of ecological, health and socio-economic problems. Proposed recommendations were included in the conclusion. In this context, this study is the starting point for policy makers and researchers of solid waste management
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZSocial Media Content Regulation in China: Analysis of English Language Wechat AccountsLokumannage, Ahttp://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/91352021-01-07T07:08:53Z2020-01-01T00:00:00ZSocial Media Content Regulation in China: Analysis of English Language Wechat Accounts
Lokumannage, A
This study analyzed “social media content regulation in China: through an analysis of English Language Wechat accounts”. The research study used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze English language Wechat channels, with the datasets of the use of English language in China as well as all legislative and legal frameworks for the media sector including all the practical obstacles for content in local and foreign languages including access, content creation and channels of content distribution and delivery. The study had three objectives. Those were: to study the content of Wechat subscription Channels in English language, to study the censorship role of social media in China and to study the role of English Language in Chinese society. Accordingly, the study had three research problems: 1. Was there a difference between China related news and international news in Wechat Channels? 2. What are the regulations in English Language Wechat Channels in China? 3. Which Wechat Channel published more English language content? Study looked through 27 Wechat pages and chose 9 most popular English Wechat channels in order to categorize their content into 4 categories as international news, China related content, promotional content and entertainment, & contentious material. According to the findings there were a total of 774 English articles published in Wechat channels. China Wire has also published English articles and there were 456 China related content in Wechat channels. The study showed that foreigners in China are disadvantaged in terms of content creation and distribution regardless of the language used. At the same time English language seems to provide at least some alternativeness in case of web-based content
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