Numerical modeling of hybrid 3D/2D organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cell under low light conditions andAM1.5G full sun spectrum

Abstract

Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have acquired significant research attention because of their low cost and high performance. We have numerically modeled p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells with intrinsic layers of 3D-CH3NH3PbI3 (3DMAPI) and 2D sheets of CH3NH3PbI3 (2D-MAPI) hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. 2D-MAPI layer is mainly used in the simulation to enhance the stability of the 3D-MAPI layer. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS), which is an organic hole transporting material (HTM), has been used as a p-type layer. The fullerene derivative material, (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which is an organic electron transporting material (ETL), has been used as an n-type layer. The performance of this p-i-n type perovskite solar cell model was studied by employing Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software under indoor low light conditions and outdoor AM1.5G full Sun spectrum. The indoor low light intensity produced by the artificial light source is about 20 W/m² as compared to the outdoor light intensity of 1000 W/m2 . In this study, Tungsten Halogen lamps were used as low light illumination sources to model the indoor low light conditions. We have numerically obtained, the power conversion efficiencies of the baseline model of PSCs underlow light intensities of 10 W, 20 W, 50 W Tungsten Halogen lamps, and AM 1.5G full Sun spectrum as 11.47%, 12.04%, 12.16%, and 24.71% with the open-circuit voltages (VOC) of 1.07 V, 1.09 V, 1.12 V, and 1.26 V respectively. Due to the high absorption properties of the 3D and 2D halide perovskite materials, the hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells can be used for indoor applications. Our findings revealed in this work can be useful to practically develop indoor applications of solar cells in the future.