Implications of layered double hydroxides assembled biochar composite in adsorptive removal of contaminants: Current status and future perspectives

Abstract

In recent years, biochar composites have received considerable attention for environmental applications. This paper reviews the current state of research on Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) tailored biochar composites in terms of their synthesismethods, characteristics, and their use as adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants fromwater, highlighting and discussing the key advancement in this area. The adsorption potential of LDHsbiochar composites for different inorganic and organic contaminants, important factors affecting composites' properties and the adsorption process, and the mechanisms involved in adsorption are discussed in this review. Though the adsorption capacities are high for the composites studied, partition coefficientwhich suggest the performance of composites remain low for most adsorbents. Despite the recent progress in the synthesis of LDHsbiochar composites, further research is needed to improve the performance of composites for different classes of aquatic pollutants, and to test their applicability in pilot-scale with real wastewater under real environmental conditions.