In vitro antioxidant, antiglycation and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of water extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. leaves

Abstract

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Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. commonly known as jackfruit belongs to die family Moiaceae. Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem where every seven seconds one person dies and 11% o f worldwide healthcare expenditure is used to treat diabetes and its complications.1 In traditional medicine of Sri Lanka the water extract of A. heterophyllus senescent leaves is used to reduce the blood sugar level. This extract has been shown to significantly lower the fasting blood sugar level and markedly improved glucose tolerance in Sprague-Dawley rats as well as normal human subjects and diabetic patients.2*3 H ie ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the water extract o f senescent leaves of A. heterophyllus (named as EA/W) has been shown to possess higher hypoglycemic greater than that of tolbutamide, a sulphonyl urea drug commonly used for treatment ofhyperglycemia.4 In this study die EA/W was tested for its in vitro antioxidant activity, antiglycation activity and aglucosidase inhibitory activity. The EA/W was tested for its antioxidant activity using 2,2-Diphenyl-lpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, the antiglycation activity using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) - methy%lyoxal (MGO) fluorescent based assay and a- glucosidase inhibitory activity using aghicosidase enzyme inhibition assay3. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity EA/W showed moderate radical scavenging activity with an ICM value of 29.3 ± 0.7 pg/mL while gallic acid had an ICso value of 23.5 ± 0.4 pg/mL. In the a-glucosidase inhibition assay EA/W showed an IC50 value of 1.9 ± 0.6 pg/mL while the standard drug acarbose showed an ICs, value of 0.5 ± 0.01 pg/mL. The antiglycation activity was low, giving an inhibition of 44% at 0.5 mg/mL, compared with the standard rutin gave an inhibition o f 85% in 1 mM (0.6 mg/mL). These results indicate that the hypoglyceamic activity of A. heterophyllus senescent leaves, may be partly due to a - glucosidase inhibiting activity. Further its antioxidant activity and antiglycation activity (even though lower than rutin) may contribute to reducing the complication arising due to diabetes mellitus.