Occurrence and Abundance of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Hospital Effluent Water

Abstract

Attached

– The resistance among various bacterial species to different antibiotics has emerged as a cause of public health threat in all over the world at a terrifying rate. The present study was carried out to assess the antibiotics resistance of 378 bacteria strain isolated from hospital effluent water in Sri Lanka. Antibioticresistant bacteria were identied using 16s rRNA sequencing and the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was determined using agar dilution method. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) was determined using 96 well plate method in order to calculate the MAR index. Descending trend of bacterial resistance against five antibiotics; AMX ( 28%), AMP (21%) SUF/TRI (9%) and SDI (9%) were detected. Bacillus sp. (44%) was the most frequently isolated gram positive bacteria where Staphylococcus sp. (23%), Micrococcus sp. (15%), Streptococcus sp. (10%), Lactobacillus sp. (8%) and Streptomyces sp. (1%) showed decending order. Among the isolated gram negative bacteria Enterobacter sp. (31%) and E. coli (31%) were the dominant bacteria strains whereas Acinetobacter sp. (19%), Pseudomonas aerugenosa (8%), Klebsiella pneumonia (6%), Moraxella sp. (3%), Aeromonas hydrophila (1%) were recorded in low densities. MIC limits of resistant isolates against to the tested antibiotics were ranged between 60 – 660 µg/ml. 11% of bacteria was susceptible to all the tested antibiotics; 9% of bacteria were resistant for one antibiotic, 12% were for 2 antibiotics and 68% were for 5 or more antibiotics. The results of the study revealed that release of antibiotics into the environment will lead to an emerge antibiotic resistant bacteria and it compromise effectiveness of antibacterial therapy; since the infectious organisms become resistant against more antibiotics.