Abstract:
With the development activities planned for the Kalpitiya peninsula, the ecology of the
islands in the lagoon is being threatened. Presently these islands are covered with several
vegetation types including mangroves, grasslands, bushes and some large trees and are
inhabited by many species of birds. They provide ideal nesting and roosting grounds for
the birds as the predation pressure is minimal.
A preliminary survey was carried out in the islands of Kalpitiya to determine the importance
of these islands for breeding birds. Six islands in the lagoon containing different habitat
types were selected for the study Quadrate sampling was carried out using 100 m2
quadrates and active nests, nest building and recently abandoned nests were counted.
The species utilizing the islands for nesting were mainly Phalacrocorax, Ardea sp.,
Butorides striata, Bubulcus sp., Egretta sp., Corvus sp., Pycnonotus sp., Pomatostomus
sp., Turdoides sp, Leptocoma sp, Cinnyris sp, Vanellusindicus, Amaurornis phoenicurus,
Haliastur indus, Haliaeetus leucogaster and grassland birds such as Cisticola juncidis. Two
islands containing tall trees were utilized by Psitta culakrameri and Megalaima sp., for
nesting. Maximum number of nests observed within a 100 m2 quadrat was 26 while the
minimum number was 3. Highest nest diversity was observed in islands with habitats
diversity, and undisturbed by human activities. Islands visited by fisher folk contained less
breeding sites and the maximum number of nests observed within a 100 m2 area was 6.
Highest number of nests recorded belonged to egrets, crows and cormorants. However it
was noted that the islands were visited by many species of birds during the day for feeding
and resting, and for roosting during evenings.
The survey concluded that the islands in the Kalpitiya lagoon provided safe and good
breeding habitats for birds due to security with low predator pressure and availability of
nesting sites as well as space. High food availability close to the breeding sites was also
an advantage. Therefore, altering the vegetation structure and ecology of the islands for
development activities would affect many bird species, specially cormorants, egrets and
herons and may have a severe impact on their populations. Further studies are
recommended to assess the anthropogenic impacts on avian diversity in the islands of
Kalpitiya peninsula.
