Abstract:
Mangroves are limited to the coastal ecosystem and are associated with lagoons
and estuaries due to high salinity, low oxygen levels, high light intensity, strong winds and
periodic inundation by tidal water. Many lagoons, out of 82 lagoons in Sri Lanka, mangroves
play an important role on microscopic and mesoscopic fauna and also for coastal inhabitants
in the country. The micro relief of the mangrove habitats produces food and shelter, and
provides nursery grounds for the birds, fish, reptiles and other crustaceans. Further, they help
to preserve the balance of nature.
Different research groups viz., individual scientists and institutional researches provide different
figures on the extension of mangrove vegetation in Sri Lanka. However, there is no
conformity on total figure. In this study, we try to calculate the exact extent of mangrove
vegetation in 82 lagoons with their availability and identified threats. Mangroves in the
lagoons of Sri Lanka have been damaged by anthropogenic activities and have also been
degraded by (a) changes in freshwater run-off, salinity regime and tidal flow patterns; (b)
excessive siltation and discharge of toxic substances; and (c) flowing of polluted water into
lagoons, lakes, estuaries and tidal creeks. The depletion and degradation of mangroves have
directly and indirectly influence the livelihood of the people, economy of the country and
survival of the wildlife. Therefore, an increased public awareness is of utmost importance to
promote management and conservation of mangrove habitats for posterity in Sri Lanka.
