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Wright et al. (1992) have mentioned that the field o f Strategic Human Resource Management
(SHRM) is lack o f a strong theoretical foundation. Resource Base View (RBV) and there are
some other theories which are relevant to the area o f SHRM. The literature on HRM and
performance can be divided into three main kinds o f theories; Universalistic, Contingency and
Configurationally (Gooderham et al., 2008). Wright et al. (1992, p.303) have mentioned that
“one o f the original and more popular theoretical models used in the SHRM literature is the
Behavioral Perspective”. As they explained, this theory focuses on the mediator effect on the
relationship between strategy and firm performance. On the other hand the
agency/transaction cost theory approach to examining the problems o f human exchange are
based in the fields o f finance and economics. According to Universalist principles there is a
universal prescription or ‘one best way’ or a general pattern. Another important issue is
although the best practice approach has considerable support, this approach is also criticized
by different perspective in the literature. Meanwhile the contingency school has criticized best
practice. However it is clear that there is no universal prescription o f SHRM practice that
should be employed in each different context. In contrast to the Universalistic or best practice
approach, the best fit approach adopts a contingency approach. The linkage between strategy
and HRM has received extensive attention from contingency school o f through. After
considering all o f the relevant theories it can be concluded that the highly relevant theory for
SHRM research is RBV while other theories do facilitating and supporting.
