Abstract:
Contaminant removal from water involves various technologies among which adsorption is considered to be
simple, effective, economical, and sustainable. In recent years, nanocomposites prepared by combining clay
minerals and polymers have emerged as a novel technology for cleaning contaminated water. Here, we provide
an overview of various types of clay–polymer nanocomposites focusing on their synthesis processes, characteristics,
and possible applications in water treatment. By evaluating various mechanisms and factors involved
in the decontamination processes, we demonstrate that the nanocomposites can overcome the limitations of
individual polymer and clay components such as poor specificity, pH dependence, particle size sensitivity, and
low water wettability. We also discuss different regeneration and wastewater treatment options (e.g., membrane,
coagulant, and barrier/columns) using clay–polymer nanocomposites. Finally, we provide an economic analysis
of the use of these adsorbents and suggest future research directions.
